Although most borders on the Balkan route from Turkey to Western Europe have been closed for almost three years, the flow of migrants has not stopped. People smuggling is booming, and new trafficking hubs are being established.
Croatian media have reported the emergence of a new 'Balkan route' used by migrants to reach western Europe without passing through Macedonia and Serbia.
EU border closures mean single men have to wait up to four years to leave Serbia. Many face violence and destitution when they try to make their way out of the country.
A Greek court has sentenced 15 people to jail in connection with one of the largest migrant and refugee smuggling gangs in northern Greece.
This picture shows two migrant women holding their babies in a barracks in the transit camp at the border between Macedonia and Greece. Around 60 migrants and refugees have been stuck in the camp for the last 11 months.